Due
to the diversity of the MENA region it is difficult to label the region as
either strong or weak. In my opinion, strength of a state is defined as the
ability of a government to possess territorial control and a strong legitimacy
both at the international and national level; the ability to provide its citizens with a
secure environment, a functioning legal system to bring justice, and finally a
functioning economy that gives equal job opportunities for individuals. With
this being said, I think weak and fragile states are easier to be described
than strong states. Because, from a Realist point of view, one could also argue that a strong state could
still struggle with unemployment and encounter economic inconsistencies as long
as it accumulates enough military power over other states. In other words, the
definition of a strong state is debatable.
Weak
states, on the other hand, are defined as the inability of any governments to
ensure a stable economic and political atmosphere. Not only that, but we also
speak of weak states whenever a government fails to take control of certain
areas of its own country, which could represent a potential threat especially
with the rise of terrorism threat.
Now,
if we were to apply this to the MENA region, I believe that Saudi Arabia, Qatar
and UAE could qualify as strong states because they both have strong legitimacy
nationally and internationally. They have strong relations with the west and are
blessed with natural resources to buy stability in their own countries.
Algeria, is another country blessed with natural resources and has been able to
buy stability and avoid social upheaval thanks to this advantage. However, and due to the
aftermath of the Arab Spring, Algeria become more of a fragile state rather
than a strong state. As the neighboring countries, such as Libya and Tunisia,
continue to suffer from terrorism, the Algerian borders are becoming very
fragile. Despite of the strong military equipment and expertise Algeria has
when it comes to fighting terrorism, the country could easily experience
another wave of instability.
As
for the post-revolutionary countries such as Egypt and Tunisia, I believe they
have the opportunity to become well-governed, prosperous democratic (and thus strong)
states, but for now they are just fragile and weak states. Libya, on the other
hand, is a failed state along with Yemen.
Lebanon
and Jordan have complex border issues that became more complex with the rise of
ISIS, further weakening the entire area. Morocco, however, is relatively
strong.
The
take away point from this quick analysis is the fact the MENA region is too
diverse and complex to be labeled as either strong or weak region. Each country
has its own characteristics and unique structure. However, I believe that, and
at the exception of few countries such as Saudi Arabia, the entire region could
be characterized as fragile due to the various issues it is dealing with at the current moment.
No comments:
Post a Comment